AR/VR & Spatial Computing

AR overlays digital content on the real world; VR replaces the world with a digital one; MR (mixed reality) blends both so digital objects interact with the real environment.

Low or unstable frame rates and latency cause discomfort and motion sickness. Standalone headsets typically target 72–90+ FPS, so every millisecond of frame time matters.

A royalty-free standard from Khronos that lets XR apps run across many headsets and platforms with one API.

The device tracks visual feature points and motion (visual-inertial odometry) to estimate its pose and detect flat surfaces where content can be anchored.

Batch static objects, use texture atlases, share materials, use GPU instancing, LODs and occlusion culling.

Mismatch between visual motion and the inner ear. Use teleport or snap-turn options, avoid forced camera movement, keep a stable horizon and high frame rates.

It measures how aligned two vectors are — e.g. checking if an object is in front of the user or how directly they're looking at a target.

A four-number representation of rotation that avoids gimbal lock and interpolates smoothly, so engines use it internally for orientation.

Place UI at comfortable distance and angles, use large targets, support hands/gaze/controllers, keep text legible, and avoid locking UI rigidly to the head.

Use device simulators (XR Device Simulator, visionOS simulator, Android XR emulator), then validate on real hardware before release because comfort and performance differ.